Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

Effect of Shielding Gas on parts manufactured by WAAM.

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a fusion manufacturing process in which the heat energy of an electric arc is employed for melting the electrodes and depositing material layers for wall formation or for simultaneously cladding two materials in order to form a composite structure.

Effect of shielding gas

Argon

Low arc temperature and low thermal conductivity

Nitrogen

Free burning arcs are unstable N2 being a diatomic molecule, first will dissociate into its atoms and only then ionize. So the formation of the ionization column is harder in N2

ACM (80% Ar + 20% CO2)

The best shielding gas compared to the above gases

References:

Chaturvedi, M.; Scutelnicu, E.; Rusu, C.C.; Mistodie, L.R.; Mihailescu, D.; Subbiah, A.V. Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing: Review on Recent Findings and Challenges in Industrial Applications and Materials Characterization. Metals 2021, 11, 939. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11060939.

Murphy A.B., Lowke J.J. (2018) Heat Transfer in Arc Welding. In: Kulacki F. (eds) Handbook of Thermal Science and Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26695-4_29

Jafari, Davoud, Tom HJ Vaneker, and Ian Gibson. "Wire and arc additive manufacturing: Opportunities and challenges to control the quality and accuracy of manufactured parts." Materials & Design (2021): 109471

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